TLS news & blogs

Introduction:
In the realm of modern logistics, the transportation of temperature-sensitive goods has become a critical aspect of supply chain management. Whether it's pharmaceuticals, perishable foods, or other sensitive materials, maintaining a specific temperature throughout the shipping process is paramount. This is where refrigerated shipping containers, often referred to as reefer containers, play a pivotal role, standing as the pinnacle of cold chain logistics.
 
Understanding the Cold Chain:
The cold chain is a temperature-controlled supply chain that ensures the integrity of goods from production to consumption. Refrigerated shipping containers are designed to maintain precise temperature conditions, safeguarding products that are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations. The cold chain is essential for various industries, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and the food sector.
 
Key Features of Refrigerated Shipping Containers:

• Temperature Control Precision:

Refrigerated shipping containers are equipped with advanced temperature control systems, allowing for precise adjustments to meet the specific requirements of the cargo. This capability ensures that the products inside remain at the optimal temperature, preserving their quality and efficacy.

• Insulation Technology:

These containers are constructed with high-quality insulation materials to minimize heat transfer and prevent temperature variations. The insulation technology not only helps in maintaining the desired temperature but also contributes to energy efficiency, reducing overall operational costs.

• Monitoring and Tracking Systems:

To guarantee the safety and integrity of the cargo, refrigerated containers come with sophisticated monitoring and tracking systems. These systems provide real-time data on temperature, humidity, and other relevant parameters, allowing logistics professionals to monitor and adjust conditions remotely.

• Air Circulation and Ventilation:

Proper air circulation is crucial for ensuring uniform temperature distribution within the container. Refrigerated shipping containers are designed with efficient ventilation systems that facilitate the even distribution of cold air, preventing hotspots and ensuring consistent conditions throughout the cargo space.
 
Benefits of Refrigerated Shipping Containers:

• Preservation of Product Quality:

Reefer containers are indispensable for preserving the quality and freshness of perishable goods. From fruits and vegetables to pharmaceuticals, these containers maintain the integrity of products throughout the transportation process, reducing the risk of spoilage or degradation.

• Global Reach:

The use of refrigerated shipping containers has enabled the globalization of the cold chain, allowing businesses to transport temperature-sensitive goods across vast distances. This has opened up new markets and opportunities for industries that rely on the transportation of perishable products.

• Compliance with Regulatory Standards:

Many industries, especially pharmaceuticals and food, are subject to stringent regulatory standards. Refrigerated shipping containers help businesses comply with these standards by providing a reliable and controlled environment for the transportation of sensitive products.
 
Conclusion:
Refrigerated shipping containers represent the zenith of cold chain logistics, providing a reliable and efficient solution for transporting temperature-sensitive goods. With advancements in technology and a growing emphasis on the quality and safety of products, these containers have become indispensable in today's globalized supply chain. Investing in refrigerated shipping containers is not just a necessity; it's a strategic move that ensures the seamless and secure transportation of perishable and sensitive goods across the world.
 

TLS Offshore Containers / TLS Special Containers is a global supplier of standard and customised containerised solutions. 
Wherever you are in the world TLS can help you, please contact us.
 
Any more information regarding Offshore Reefer container, ISO reefer container, please download TLS offshore reefer containers brochure for your reference 
 
 
#Refrigerated shipping containers #Reefer containers #Cold chain logistics #Temperature-controlled supply chain #Perishable goods transportation #Precision temperature control #Insulation technology #Monitoring and tracking systems #Air circulation and ventilation #Global cold chain

TLS freezer containers are revolutionizing temperature-sensitive material preservation. In today's world, maintaining precise and ultra-low temperatures is essential across various sectors, including biomedical research, pharmaceuticals, genetics, and the food industry. In this condensed article, we will explore the mechanics of super freezer containers, their distinctive features, and their profound impact on multiple industries.
 
Section 1: The Working Principle of Super Freezer Containers
Super freezer containers excel at reaching and maintaining ultra-low temperatures, often dipping below -80°C (-112°F). They are crucial for preserving sensitive materials like biological samples, vaccines, genetic specimens, and gourmet ingredients.
 
These containers employ advanced temperature control mechanisms and high-efficiency insulation to achieve ultra-low temperatures. Their powerful refrigeration systems, consisting of compressors, evaporators, and condensers, work swiftly to cool the interior. This combination of refrigeration technology and insulation prevents heat exchange with the external environment.
 
Section 2: The Role of Insulation in Maintaining Ultra-Low Temperatures
Super freezer containers require top-tier insulation to minimize heat transfer between the interior and the external surroundings. This insulation ensures stability in ultra-low temperatures, even when external conditions fluctuate.
 
Conventional household refrigerators, designed to maintain around -18°C (0°F), have less insulation since they do not require extreme temperatures like super freezer containers. The latter's insulation is engineered to keep temperatures below -80°C (-112°F) without excessive energy consumption.
 
Section 3: The Cooling System
Super freezer containers employ state-of-the-art refrigeration systems for efficient cooling. Compressors, evaporators, and condensers work together to achieve rapid temperature reduction. The compressor plays a vital role by compressing refrigerant gas, releasing heat, and converting it into a high-pressure, high-temperature gas. This gas then condenses into a liquid, further releasing heat and maintaining the desired low temperature.
 
Section 4: Distinctive Features of Super Freezer Containers
The key difference between super freezer containers and regular freezers lies in the range of temperatures they can reach and maintain. Regular household refrigerators maintain temperatures around -18°C (0°F), sufficient for everyday frozen items. Super freezer containers, in contrast, can reach temperatures as low as -80°C (-112°F) or even lower. This capability is essential for preserving highly sensitive materials.
 
Section 5: Professional Applications and Precise Temperature Control
Super freezer containers find critical applications in various industries:

• Biomedical Research: Researchers rely on super freezer containers to preserve fragile biological samples like DNA, RNA, and cell cultures.
• Pharmaceuticals: Certain drugs and vaccines require ultra-cold storage to remain effective, and super freezer containers provide this.
• Genetics: Genetic research often involves storing DNA and RNA samples for sequencing and analysis, a task made possible by super freezer containers.
• Food Industry: High-end culinary applications require precise temperature control for specific ingredients, a task facilitated by super freezer containers.

​
These containers offer precise temperature control through advanced control panels. Integrated monitoring systems track internal temperatures and provide real-time alerts to ensure the integrity of sensitive materials.
 
Section 6: Energy Efficiency and Sustainability
Despite their extreme cooling capabilities, super freezer containers prioritize energy efficiency. Advanced compressor technology optimizes energy consumption, and premium insulation minimizes heat transfer, reducing the need for constant cooling. Many manufacturers also embrace sustainable practices, using eco-friendly refrigerants and energy-efficient designs.
 
Conclusion
In summary, super freezer containers are at the forefront of refrigeration technology. Their ability to reach and maintain ultra-low temperatures, coupled with advanced insulation, refrigeration systems, precise controls, and specialized applications, sets them apart. They play a pivotal role in preserving sensitive materials across various industries, contributing to scientific progress, and upholding quality standards in the food industry. These super freezer containers empower professionals and researchers with precision cooling solutions that are here to stay.
 

TLS Offshore Containers / TLS Special Containers is a global supplier of standard and customised containerised solutions. 
Wherever you are in the world TLS can help you, please contact us.
 
Any more information regarding Offshore Reefer container, ISO reefer container, please download TLS offshore reefer containers brochure for your reference 


#Super freezer containers #Ultra-low temperature storage #Precision cooling #Refrigeration technology #Temperature-sensitive materials #Advanced insulation #Refrigeration systems #Temperature control mechanisms #Biomedical research preservation #Pharmaceutical storage

Introduction:
Perishable goods, including fresh produce, dairy, meat, and seafood, are essential in our daily lives. The storage and transportation of these goods are critical for maintaining quality. TLS's refrigeration sea containers offer an innovative approach to storing perishables, creating a controlled environment that ensures optimal conditions. In this article, we delve into the factors influencing the storage duration of perishable cargo within refrigerated sea containers, recommended storage times for different goods, and strategies for optimizing storage duration.
 
Factors Influencing Storage Duration:
Several factors impact the quality and shelf life of perishable goods stored in refrigerated sea containers. These factors encompass temperature control, humidity management, and effective air circulation.
 
Temperature Control:
Precise temperature control is key to preserving perishables. Different goods require specific temperature ranges to retain freshness. For instance, fruits and vegetables typically need temperatures between 32°F and 55°F (0°C to 13°C), while dairy and seafood may demand slightly lower temperatures. Maintaining a consistent temperature is vital, as fluctuations can hasten spoilage.
 
Humidity Management:
Humidity levels play a pivotal role in preserving perishables. Some goods are sensitive to high humidity (e.g., leafy greens), while inadequate humidity can lead to dehydration (e.g., meat). Maintaining recommended humidity levels ensures product freshness and texture.
 
Air Circulation and Ventilation:
Proper air circulation within refrigeration sea containers is crucial. Adequate airflow prevents temperature irregularities and ensures even cooling. Additionally, ventilation regulates gas concentrations, preventing the buildup of harmful gases and removing ethylene gas, which accelerates spoilage.
 
Recommended Storage Periods for Different Goods:
Fresh Fruits and Vegetables:

• Apples: Store at 30°F to 32°F (-1°C to 0°C) with controlled humidity for up to 6 months.
• Leafy Greens: Maintain 32°F to 40°F (0°C to 4°C) with higher humidity for about 5 to 7 days.
• Berries: Store at 32°F to 40°F (0°C to 4°C) with lower humidity for approximately 2 to 7 days.

 
Dairy Products:

• Milk: Keep at 36°F to 40°F (2°C to 4°C) for 5 to 7 days.
• Cheese: Store various types at optimal temperature and humidity, lasting weeks to months.
• Yogurt: Maintain 32°F to 40°F (0°C to 4°C) for 1 to 2 weeks.

 
Meat, Poultry, and Seafood:

• Fresh Beef and Pork: Store at 32°F to 40°F (0°C to 4°C) for 3 to 5 days.
• Poultry: Keep at 32°F to 40°F (0°C to 4°C) for 1 to 2 days.
• Seafood: Storage times vary by species, with fresh fish lasting 1 to 2 days and shellfish requiring consumption within 1 to 2 days.

 
Factors Beyond Container Conditions:
Other factors impacting storage life include:

1. Initial Product Quality: Higher-quality goods have extended shelf life. Freshly harvested produce and properly processed meat and seafood last longer.
2. Transportation and Handling: Proper cold chain management throughout the supply chain prevents mishandling and temperature fluctuations that can reduce shelf life.
3. Monitoring and Extending Storage Time:

• Use Temperature Monitoring Devices: Real-time data loggers ensure consistent temperature control.
• Quality Control and Inspection: Regular checks identify issues early, allowing corrective actions to prolong storage.

 
Conclusion:
TLS's refrigeration sea containers offer a solution for preserving perishable goods' quality and safety. By understanding influencing factors, maintaining temperature and humidity control, ensuring proper air circulation, and following best practices, shelf life can be extended. Monitoring, quality control, and inspection ensure consumers receive top-quality goods, minimizing waste and maximizing profit in the perishable goods industry.
 
Any more information regarding Offshore Reefer container, ISO reefer container, please download TLS offshore reefer containers brochure for your reference 

TLS is an international supplier that can customize onshore | offshore special containerised solutions,Any requirements, please contact us directly:
E-mail: sales@tls-containers.com
Hotline: +65-65637288; +65-31386967
 
#Perishable goods storage #Refrigeration sea containers #Storage duration of perishables #Controlled environment storage #Temperature-controlled storage #Humidity management for perishables #Air circulation in storage containers #Fresh produce preservation #Dairy product storage guidelines #Meat and seafood shelf life

Offshore reefer containers play a crucial role in preserving the freshness and quality of goods during maritime transportation. To ensure optimal performance and proper functioning of these containers, it is essential to follow key usage guidelines and maintenance practices. This blog presents a concise guide on using and maintaining offshore reefer containers effectively.

• Importance of Proper Packaging:

Before loading goods into offshore reefer containers, ensure proper packaging to protect them from vibrations, shocks, and temperature fluctuations. This ensures the integrity and quality of the goods.

• Temperature Setting and Monitoring:

Set the temperature inside the reefer container based on the characteristics and requirements of the goods. Regularly monitor and record the container's temperature to ensure stability and compliance with the desired range.

• Proper Stowage and Securing:

Arrange goods in a manner that allows for adequate airflow and even distribution of cold air. Use appropriate securing and lashing equipment to prevent goods from shifting or getting damaged during maritime transit.

• Accuracy in Manifest and Labeling:

When loading goods into the reefer container, accurately complete the manifest and label the container with the correct information, including cargo type, temperature requirements, and other relevant details. This facilitates proper identification and handling of the container, ensuring the safety and accurate delivery of the goods.

• Minimize Door Openings:

Avoid frequent door openings to minimize the loss of cold air and temperature fluctuations. When accessing or loading/unloading goods, try to complete all necessary tasks at once to maintain temperature stability.

• Regular Cleaning of the Container:

Perform routine cleaning of the reefer container's interior and exterior surfaces, including shelves, partitions, and gaskets. Use appropriate cleaning agents and tools to remove residues and odors, ensuring hygiene and cargo safety.

• Inspection of Seals and Auxiliary Equipment:

Regularly inspect the seals of the reefer container to ensure their integrity and proper sealing performance. Additionally, periodically check the functionality of auxiliary equipment such as temperature recorders, humidity controllers, and alarm systems to ensure they are working accurately.

• Scheduled Inspection of Refrigeration System:

Regularly inspect the refrigeration system of the reefer container, including components like compressors, condensers, and evaporators. Ensure they are clean and in proper working condition. Promptly address any abnormalities to prevent further damage and minimize downtime.

• Corrosion Prevention and Rust Treatment:

Given the offshore environment's high humidity and salt spray, reefer containers are susceptible to corrosion and rust. Implement regular surface treatments and corrosion-resistant coatings to extend the container's lifespan and maintain its appearance and functionality.

• Periodic Maintenance and Repairs:

Follow a manufacturer-recommended maintenance schedule, which includes lubricating moving parts, replacing worn-out components, and checking electrical connections. Engage professional technicians for regular maintenance and repairs as necessary to ensure reliability and safety.

• Insurance Coverage and Emergency Preparedness:

Ensure adequate insurance coverage for the reefer container to handle unforeseen circumstances and malfunctions. Establish an emergency response plan that includes contact information for suppliers and repair teams, and ensure that relevant personnel are familiar with emergency procedures.

• Regular Training and Knowledge Updates:

Provide regular training to personnel involved in using reefer containers, imparting the latest knowledge and skills related to usage and maintenance. Stay updated on relevant regulations and standards, and adhere to best practices to ensure operational safety and compliance.

Remember that proper usage and maintenance are key to unlocking the full potential of offshore reefer containers for sea transport. Following these best practices will help protect the integrity of goods, prolong the lifespan of the containers, and minimize the risk of disruptions and damages. 

Introduction:
As the global market continues to expand and interconnect, the transportation of perishable goods over long distances has become increasingly vital. To ensure the freshness and quality of these products, choosing the right refrigerated shipping container is of paramount importance. This comprehensive guide will delve into the intricate details of selecting the ideal container for your specific needs, providing you with valuable insights and guidance.
 
Section 1: Essential Considerations for Choosing a Refrigerated Shipping Container
 
1. Product Type and Temperature Requirements:

• Understand the unique temperature needs of different perishable products, such as seafood, meat, fruits, and vegetables.
• Consider the specific temperature range required to maintain product freshness and compliance with regulations.

 
2. Temperature Range:

• Evaluate the precise temperature range necessary for your product, accounting for regulatory standards and quality preservation.
• Familiarize yourself with industry-specific temperature guidelines to ensure optimal conditions throughout the journey.

 
3. Product Dimensions and Weight:

• Take into account the size and weight of your perishable goods to determine the appropriate container size.
• Consider space utilization and load capacity to optimize efficiency and minimize costs.

 
4. Transit Time:

• Longer transit times necessitate containers with enhanced temperature control capabilities.
• Assess the container's ability to maintain a consistent temperature throughout the entire journey to prevent spoilage.

 
5. Shipping Regulations and Requirements:

• Research and comply with international shipping regulations and customs requirements of the destination countries.
• Ensure the selected shipping container adheres to necessary certifications and standards.

 
Section 2: Exploring Different Types of Refrigerated Transport Containers
 
1. Refrigerated Containers:

• Discover the versatility of containers equipped with built-in refrigeration units suitable for a wide temperature range.
• Assess the various sizes and loading options available for transportation by trucks, ships, or trains.

 
2. Insulated Containers:

• Understand the benefits of containers reliant on insulation for short-term temperature maintenance.
• Consider their suitability for products requiring a temperature range of -5°C to 5°C (23°F to 41°F).

 
3. Refrigerated Trailers:

• Explore the convenience of refrigerated trailers attached to trucks for road transport.
• Evaluate their effectiveness in maintaining the desired temperature range during the journey.

 
4. Cryogenic Containers:

• Delve into the realm of specialized containers capable of achieving extremely low temperatures using liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
• Recognize their significance for transporting medical samples, laboratory specimens, and specific food items.

 
Section 3: Additional Features to Consider
 
1. Cooling Unit Types:

• Compare mechanical, absorption, and vapor compression devices to identify the most suitable option for your products.

 
2. Insulation Thickness:

• Assess the insulation thickness of containers to ensure optimal temperature control while considering the additional weight it may add.

 
3. Flooring and Ventilation Options:

• Consider the impact of different floor types and ventilation systems on airflow and temperature distribution within the container.

 
4. Security Features:

• Evaluate the necessity of advanced security measures, such as locking mechanisms and tracking devices, to safeguard valuable or sensitive goods during transportation.

 
Conclusion:
Selecting the perfect refrigerated shipping container for your perishable goods involves a comprehensive assessment of factors like product type, temperature requirements, dimensions, transit time, shipping regulations, container types, additional features, and supplier reliability. By meticulously considering these elements, you can ensure the safe and efficient transport of your perishable products, preserving their quality and freshness until they reach their final destination. Remember to conduct thorough research, seek recommendations, and engage with trusted suppliers to make an informed decision that aligns with your specific needs.
 
Any more information, please download TLS offshore reefer containers brochure for your reference
 
TLS is an international supplier that can customize onshore | offshore special containerised solutions,Any requirements, please contact us directly:
E-mail: sales@tls-containers.com
Hotline: +65-65637288; +65-31386967
 
#Refrigerated shipping container #Perishable goods #Temperature control #Product requirement #Transit time #Shipping regulations #Container type #Temperature range #Insulation thickness #Cooling unit type

1.Design
Offshore containers are built to suit specific equipment and are often designed to withstand high dynamic loading.
 
2. Ability to withstand adverse weather conditions
Offshore reefer containers are more exposed to open seas and are often left on ship decks or on loading platforms in adverse weather conditions.
Therefore, they require a minimum design temperature of -20°C. This also means that the material they are made of must be strong enough to withstand this temperature.
On the other hand, ISO sea containers (also called shipping containers) are made of corrosion-resistant steel.
 
3. Microprocessor control
DNV 2.7-1 offshore reefer containers have microprocessor control of the fresh air exchange rate, a feature that traditional ISO containers do not have. This means that the air exchange rate can be modified according to the goods being transported and other requirements.
 
4. Ventilation on demand
This is a unique feature offered by DNV's offshore refrigerated containers, which makes them a clear winner compared to traditional ISO containers.
Ventilation on demand offers maximum protection for perishable goods/cargo. The system works by providing full, automated ventilation in response to changes in respiratory gas levels.
 
In conclusion, DNV offshore refrigerated containers are built to withstand the harsh environments and conditions prevalent in the shipping industry, making them the best choice for the oil and gas industry.

TLS is an international supplier that can customize onshore | offshore special containerised solutions,Any requirements, please contact us directly:
E-mail: sales@tls-containers.com
Hotline: +65-65637288; +65-31386967

Reefer containers, also known as refrigerated containers, are a type of container that is designed to transport temperature-sensitive cargo such as fruits, vegetables, meat, and pharmaceutical products. The transportation of such cargo requires strict temperature control to prevent spoilage or damage, and that's where TLS reefer container design comes into play.
 
TLS is a global leader in the design, engineering, and manufacture of refrigerated shipping containers. Our reefer containers are built to maintain a consistent temperature range, regardless of external conditions, to ensure the cargo inside remains fresh and intact during transit. TLS reefer container design is a result of our commitment to innovation, quality, and sustainability.
 
One of the key features of TLS reefer container design is that warm or cold air is supplied to the container through an air duct system which circulates all over the cargo before it goes back to the refrigeration unit, which can provide consistent chilled or frozen temperatures for food transportation and storage, help keep food fresh during long-distance transportation. The adjustable ventilation holes in the refrigeration unit helps to prevent spoilage to the living products (cargos) as it excludes the warm toxic air which is produced by the living products from the container.
 
Another important aspect of TLS reefer container design is its advanced temperature control system. The container is equipped with a state-of-the-art refrigeration unit that uses sophisticated sensors and algorithms to monitor and regulate the temperature inside. The system is capable of maintaining a precise temperature range, even in the harshest of conditions, which helps to preserve the quality and freshness of the cargo.
 
TLS reefer container design also prioritizes sustainability, with a focus on reducing energy consumption and minimizing environmental impact. The containers are designed to be energy-efficient, with features such as LED lighting and low-power fans that help to reduce power consumption.
 
In conclusion, TLS reefer container design is a testament to our commitment to innovation, quality, and sustainability. Our containers provide maximum thermal protection, precise temperature control, and energy efficiency, while also prioritizing safety and security. As the demand for temperature-controlled shipping continues to grow, TLS reefer containers are poised to play an increasingly important role in the global supply chain.

Offshore reefer containers are used for the transportation of refrigerated goods via sea routes. They play a crucial role in the global supply chain, facilitating the movement of perishable goods such as fruits, vegetables, seafood, pharmaceuticals, and other temperature-sensitive products.
The offshore reefer containers are designed to maintain the temperature, humidity, and ventilation requirements of the specific products being transported.They are equipped with refrigeration units, which could maintain the required temperature inside the container.
The benefits of using offshore reefer containers include:

• Extended Shelf-life: Offshore reefer containers help to maintain the quality and freshness of perishable goods during transportation, thereby extending their shelf-life. This allows for longer transit times and enables goods to be transported over longer distances, opening up new markets and opportunities for producers and exporters. 
• Cost-effective: Offshore reefer containers offer a cost-effective mode of transportation for perishable goods as they can be loaded directly onto ships and transported via sea routes, which is often more cost-effective than air transportation. 
• Environmentally friendly: Transportation via sea routes is generally considered to be more environmentally friendly compared to air transportation as it produces lower carbon emissions. Offshore reefer containers also use efficient refrigeration systems that minimize energy consumption and reduce environmental impact.
• Safe and Secure: Offshore reefer containers provide a safe and secure means of transportation for perishable goods, protecting them from theft, damage, and contamination.

        ​An offshore refrigerated container is a type of container used to transport perishable goods that require temperature-controlled storage. These containers are equipped with refrigeration units that can be powered by electricity and can keep the temperature inside the container within a specific range.
          Offshore Refrigerated containers are commonly used to transport fresh and frozen foods such as fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy products, and seafood. They are also used to transport pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and other temperature sensitive products.
           Offshore Refrigerated containers are designed to be optimized for preserving perishable goods, with features such as insulation, temperature control systems, and ventilation to maintain the desired temperature and humidity levels. Some refrigerated containers are also equipped with a remote alarm system, which monitors the temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors in the refrigerated container in real time through remote communication technology and sends out an alarm signal when an abnormal situation occurs. The refrigerated container remote alarm system can not only protect the quality of refrigerated items, but also prevent unsafe conditions of refrigerated containers, such as abnormal temperature increase, refrigerated container door opening, etc.
         Offshore refrigerated containers are a regular product of TLS. It complies with DNV2.7-1 / EN12079 / CSC certificate and can be applied to multimodal transport. Welcome clients to customize in batches.

Instructions for additional equipment related to refrigeration units such as CA, MA and humidity controllers.

• CA is short for Controlled Atmosphere.  It is an auxiliary facility that controls the levels of CO2 and O2 in the container.  The container should be airtight and have a nitrogen generator and source of carbon dioxide (such as a carbon dioxide compressed air bottle or scrubber). In both cases, the oxygen content is controlled by ventilation.
• MA stands for Modified Atmosphere.  This means that the container has an interface into which the mixed gas is injected before shipping.  During transport, the air composition in the container is no longer controlled.
• Humidifier can use a water source or condensate from an evaporator to humidify the circulating air. Dehumidification can be achieved by evaporative heating devices or chemical reactions. The humidity inside the chamber can only be adequately controlled if both dehumidification and humidification are available.